Summary of content: In recent years, Shanghai has conscientiously implemented the spirit of the important instructions of General Secretary Jin Ping, especially the important instructions for garbage classification. On the basis of the national kitchen waste recycling and harmless treatment pilots, Promoting the construction of a whole-process classification system for domestic waste has achieved positive results.
In recent years, Shanghai has conscientiously implemented the spirit of the important instructions of General Secretary Jin Ping, especially the important instructions for garbage classification. On the basis of the national kitchen waste resource utilization and harmless treatment pilots, it has made every effort to promote domestic waste. The construction of the entire classification system has achieved positive results.
1. The pilot situation of the resource utilization of kitchen waste
Since the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development launched pilot projects for the resource utilization and harmless treatment of kitchen waste in 2010, Shanghai has successfully declared the Minhang District and Pudong New District in 2011 and 2014 respectively. One batch and the fourth batch of national pilot cities for resource utilization and harmless treatment of kitchen waste. In accordance with the national pilot requirements, the two pilot projects in Minhang District and Pudong New District have been completed.
Among them, the pilot project in Minhang District was completed and put into operation in 2016, using the overall process of "aerobic fermentation" to prepare soil medium for soil improvement. It processes 200 tons of kitchen waste per day and produces about 55 tons of soil medium. In 2018, it has been checked and accepted by the country, and the construction of the second phase of the project has been started, with a daily processing of 400 tons of kitchen waste. The Pudong New Area pilot project started construction in 2016 and was completed and put into operation in 2017. It adopts the technical route of "anaerobic biogas production" and biogas grid-connected power generation, and processes 200 tons of kitchen waste and 100 tons of kitchen waste per day. At the same time, the construction of the second phase of the project was also started.
By participating in two batches of national pilot tasks, Shanghai has provided valuable technical application experience for the recent large-scale promotion of wet waste resource utilization projects, and strongly supported the continuous advancement of domestic waste classification.
2. Construction of the promotion and application system of biodiesel made from waste kitchen oils
In 2012, Shanghai formulated the "Administrative Measures for the Treatment of Waste Kitchen Fats and Fats in Shanghai" (Order No. 97 of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government), which requires the utilization of waste kitchen fats and oils in line with industrial development. In recent years, under the leadership of the municipal party committee and the municipal government, relevant municipal departments have adhered to lawful governance, comprehensive policy implementation, overcoming difficulties, and long-term success. They have established a closed-loop management system and realized that "waste oil" should be collected and used. Standardized management with full coverage.
(1) All due. The Shanghai kitchen waste grease producing unit must declare to the greening city appearance management department and sign a collection and transportation contract with the regulated kitchen waste grease collection and transportation unit. At the same time, the installation and use of oil-water separators are promoted in the catering service units, and the waste grease from the kitchens shall be delivered directionally. For violations, the greening city appearance and urban management law enforcement departments will investigate and deal with them. At present, there are about 40,000 catering units in the city that produce waste grease from restaurants.
(2) Standardized collection and transportation. Through public bidding, 18 restaurants and kitchen waste grease collection and transportation units were identified, and the "four unifications" (unified collection and transportation of vehicles and installed GPS, unified collection containers, unified operation clothing, unified certification for employment) were implemented, and the orientation of restaurant waste grease was implemented Collection and disposal, and at the same time resolutely crack down on illegal collection and disposal.
(3) Resource utilization. Identify waste oil resource utilization enterprises through public bidding, and convert kitchen waste oil into biodiesel (BD100) that meets standard requirements. At the same time, it supervises and urges resource utilization enterprises to upgrade and transform technology to improve processing capacity and efficiency.
(4) B5 biodiesel preparation. Sinopec Shanghai Branch participated in the promotion and application of biodiesel made from waste kitchen oils and fats in Shanghai, and modulated BD100 biodiesel into B5 biodiesel (containing 5% BD100 biodiesel, and the remaining 95% as 0# diesel), and offered discounts at its affiliated gas stations Promote applications.
(5) Policy support. In order to support the promotion and application, the General Office of the Shanghai Municipal Government issued the "Provisional Administrative Measures for the Promotion and Application of Biodiesel from Kitchen Waste Oil and Fats in Shanghai" to establish a price system and operating mechanism linked to the market. The "Measures" clearly stipulate that 80% of the preferential price of B5 biodiesel over ordinary diesel will be subsidized by municipal finance.
3. Overall layout planning, speeding up the construction of the entire classification system
(1) Clear the overall path
Led by the Shanghai Municipal Greening and City Appearance Bureau to strengthen the top-level design in conjunction with related departments, the source of garbage classification implements four categories, namely hazardous garbage, recyclables, wet garbage, and dry garbage. In addition, it is clear that the city's domestic waste disposal and resource utilization are prioritized, with incineration as the mainstay, and landfill as an emergency backing, and strive to promote the construction of the entire classification system. The Municipal Development and Reform Commission actively participated, focusing on promoting project construction and policy guarantees.
(2) Coordinating the construction of front, middle and back end classification facilities
Front-end standardized and classified release equipment. In accordance with the requirements of propaganda content specifications, container specifications, marking specifications, and management specifications, Shanghai has completed the standardized transformation of more than 21,000 classified placement points; simultaneously completed more than 40,000 road waste bin identification updates in public places such as roads in the city.
The middle end is equipped with classified collection and transportation equipment. Shanghai has deployed and painted 1,461 wet garbage trucks, 3,079 dry garbage trucks, 87 hazardous garbage trucks, and 237 recyclables recycling trucks, resolutely putting an end to mixed loading and transportation. Approximately 15,000 recyclables recycling service points, 201 transfer stations, and 10 large-scale distribution centers have been built. The middle-end classified collection and transportation and the two-network integrated recycling system have basically taken shape.
Construction of classified disposal facilities at the end. As of the end of 2019, of the 15 new domestic waste disposal facilities projects in Shanghai, 6 wet waste projects and 2 dry waste projects have been completed, 10 projects are under construction, and 1 project is stepping up the preliminary work of the project. The city's dry waste incineration and wet waste resource utilization capacity has reached 24,350 tons per day. It is planned that by the end of 2022, the city will have an average daily incineration of 29,000 tons and approximately 11,000 tons of biochemical projects, basically realizing zero landfill of primary domestic waste.
4. Strengthen system guarantees to ensure long-term management
One is to strengthen legislative protection. Implement the "Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on the Management of Domestic Waste." Focusing on the principle of "full life cycle management, full process comprehensive management, and universal participation of the whole society", the standards for domestic waste classification, planning and facility construction, promotion of source reduction, standardized classified release, classified release management responsible person system, and classified disposal system Regulation, construction of recyclables recovery system, and extensive social participation will be clarified.
The second is to increase capital policy guarantees. Shanghai arranges nearly 1 billion yuan of funds each year through construction financial resources and general budgets. At the same time, it actively guides the participation of social capital to ensure the construction of related infrastructure projects. The Municipal Development and Reform Commission organized the formulation and implementation of a batch of subsidy support policies such as circular economy, kitchen waste grease, and wet garbage facility construction, and introduced the construction of a recyclable "point, station, field" system and special subsidy policies for garbage classification demonstration streets and towns. Promote the formation of a relatively complete policy support system.
The third is to strengthen supervision and law enforcement. Establish a social reporting platform for mixed shipments to realize mutual supervision of source, collection, transfer, and disposal entities. Implement compulsory classified law enforcement actions, impose penalties on property and environmental sanitation collection and transportation companies that do not perform well in accordance with the law, and implement market withdrawal in serious cases. Continue to carry out unit law enforcement actions, inspect more than 10,000 units of various types, and issue 836 rectification notices and 157 penalty notices.
(Source: National Development and Reform Commission of the People's Republic of China)